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Cooking Stoves
Nguồn: Đỗ Mạnh Hà sưu tầm
Người gửi: Đỗ Mạnh Hà (trang riêng)
Ngày gửi: 11h:27' 30-11-2008
Dung lượng: 4.3 MB
Số lượt tải: 10
Mô tả:
Người gửi: Đỗ Mạnh Hà (trang riêng)
Ngày gửi: 11h:27' 30-11-2008
Dung lượng: 4.3 MB
Số lượt tải: 10
Mô tả:
Cooking Stoves
October 24, 2005
Voice 1
Thank you for joining us for today’s Spotlight. I’m Joshua Leo.
Voice 2
And I’m Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
Sunita stands in her kitchen. She is busy cooking the day’s meal for her family. She cooks over a ‘chula,’ the traditional Indian stove. Smoke from the cooking fire clouds around Sunita’s head. It is hard for her to breathe. Sunita does not know it, but she is breathing many harmful materials into her lungs. The smoke affects Sunita’s health. She feels nervous and her body often feels tired. One day the harmful materials from her cooking fire could kill her.
Voice 2
Lemlem lives in Eritrea. Each day she walks into the fields that surround her home. She cuts down trees and collects the wood. She carries it back home on her head. She uses the wood to cook her food. She uses a ‘mogogo’ traditional stove. She must continually add wood to the stove. Lemlem sees that there are not as many trees around her home as there used to be. Cutting trees for firewood has become a real problem.
Voice 1
Today’s Spotlight is on cooking stoves. Many of the traditional stoves people use can cause serious problems.
Voice 2
Half of the world’s population uses traditional stoves to cook and heat homes. These people use biomass, that is wood, brush, grass, and animal waste to make fire. Biomass can create a large amount of smoke. The smoke can fill the home. There is no good way for the smoke to escape. This results in high levels of indoor pollution. This smoke can be dangerous to peoples’ health.
Voice 1
Breathing in any kind of smoke can be dangerous. Smoke from cooking fires contains many harmful particles and chemicals. And the smoke from biomass fires contains even larger particles than fires made by gas or fuel. Studies show that breathing in smoke can cause health problems like respiratory infection, or breathing problems, pneumonia, and tuberculosis.
Voice 2
The World Health Organization, or WHO, estimates that about two thousand five hundred million [2,500,000,000] people in the world breathe in harmful smoke from their cooking stoves.
Voice 1
Women and children are the most affected by the smoke from stoves. That is because women do most of the cooking. They also look after their small children in the home.
Voice 2
Almost two million [2,000,000] people in country areas die each year from the smoke pollution in their homes.
Voice 1
And, almost five hundred thousand [500,000] people in cities die each year from indoor smoke pollution.
Voice 2
But health is not the only concern. Many stoves also present environmental problems. The stoves are not efficient. That is, they do not work quickly to heat food. They use a lot of resources like wood or fuel. These resources are starting to disappear. Rebekah Schipper spent two months in the country of Nigeria. She reports how she saw stoves affect the natural environment there.
Rebekah
“Nigeria is a beautiful country. I enjoyed my time there very much. Every day I would take a walk down a path behind my house. I would pass women balancing wood on their heads and shoulders. They were returning home to cook their evening meal. They would use the wood to cook over an open fire. As I walked I could see the remains of the trees they had cut down. It seemed like there were more remains than standing trees! The trees were disappearing. I understand that the women need the wood. I do not blame them for cutting down trees. They need the fire to cook. But I wish that there was a better way for the women to cook. I wish they did not have to cut the trees down. And I wish that they did not have to cook over a smoky fire.”
Voice 1
People in the scientific community are starting to recognize the problems that cooking stoves can cause. And they are trying to solve these problems. Many scientists are now studying the effects of stove smoke on health. They are using their research to create new kinds of stoves. These stoves reduce the amount of smoke in the home. They are also more efficient. That means they use less wood and fuel to cook food.
Voice 2
Currently there is a stove study in Guatemala. Many babies die in Guatemalan homes each year because of infections to their respiratory systems. Infections make it hard for babies to breath. Smoke from stoves causes these infections.
Voice 1
The scientists chose to study the babies in several village communities. They gave new, improved stoves to half of the homes in these communities. The other half of the homes continued to use their old traditional stoves. The scientists plan to note the differences in health of the babies in the communities. After the two years all of the homes will receive a new stove.
Voice 2
The scientists hope to use their research results to inform people about the dangers of traditional stoves. They hope to inform people in villages. They also hope to inform the government and policy makers in Guatemala. They hope that Guatemala can work on fixing the problem of cooking stoves. They also hope that people in other countries can use their results. They hope that stove improvements will happen all over the world.
Voice 1
People have already made great improvements to stoves in Eritrea in Africa. These new stoves are good for many different reasons. First, the new stoves are fuel efficient. This helps Eritrea save its trees. The stove reduces the amount of firewood people use by fifty [50] percent.
Voice 2
Second, the new stove is safer. Children could receive a burn from the old, open-fire stoves. Now, children can no longer fall into an open fire. There are now less burn accidents.
Voice 1
Third, the new stove gives off less smoke. This has reduced the amount of respiratory infection. The new design also prevents smoke from gathering in the home. Instead pipes help to direct the smoke outside.
Voice 2
And finally, the new stove helps make food taste better. The people in Eritrea make a special bread called injera. One woman said this,
Voice 4
“With the old stove we could only use hard wood. Sometimes our injera bread would burn. But now the injera is very good and tasty! It is very good injera.”
Voice 1
Hopefully scientists will continue to improve cooking stoves. Even improving a small thing, like a stove, can greatly improve a person’s life. Small improvements can make a big difference. What other ways can we help to improve lives?
Voice 2
The writer and producer for today’s program was Rebekah Schipper. Computer users can hear our programs, read our scripts, and see our word list on our website at www.radio.english.net. This program is called “Cooking Stoves.”
Voice 1
We love to hear comments and questions from our listeners. You can email us. Our email address is radio @ english . net. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!
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