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Esperanto
Nguồn: Đỗ Mạnh Hà sưu tầm
Người gửi: Đỗ Mạnh Hà (trang riêng)
Ngày gửi: 12h:02' 07-12-2008
Dung lượng: 4.3 MB
Số lượt tải: 9
Mô tả:
Người gửi: Đỗ Mạnh Hà (trang riêng)
Ngày gửi: 12h:02' 07-12-2008
Dung lượng: 4.3 MB
Số lượt tải: 9
Mô tả:
Esperanto
Voice 1
Hello. I’m Marina Santee.Voice 2
And I’m Elizabeth Lickiss. Welcome to Spotlight. This programme uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live. Saluton Marina.Voice 1
Saluton Elizabeth. Kiel vi fartas?Voice 2
Bonege, dankon.Voice 1
Did you recognise that language? It sounds European - a little like Spanish, or German maybe. But it is neither. It is called Esperanto. You may have heard Esperanto before. Esperanto is the most popular invented world language. Today, we look at who invented it and why.Voice 2
Conflict and troubles affect people in different ways. They make some people want to run and hide. And they make others feel angry at the world and the people in it. But some people try and find a way to change things.Voice 1
Ludovic Lazurus Zamenhof was one of these people. Zamenhof was born in 1859. He lived in the city of Bialystok, Poland. At that time the city was part of Russian territory. There were three major ethnic groups in the city; Poles, Belorusians and Yiddish speaking Jews. The conflicts between these groups saddened the young Zamenhof. Life for him as a young Jew was not easy. Several hundred years ago many Jews fled to Poland for safety. But there, conflicts continued. Even children were part of the conflicts. They had fights in the schools and on the streets. Zamenhof grew up in an environment of deep hatred and fear.Voice 2
However, Zamenhof did not feel hatred and anger in his heart. Some people say that his good nature was his mother’s influence. His mother believed that all human beings were children of a loving God. The young Zamenhof began to think of ways to change the hostile environment he lived in.Voice 1
Zamenhof believed that language barriers were a big part of the problem. He thought, if all people could speak the same language they would communicate better. As a child, he believed that a common language would end hatred. He dreamed of an end to political and racial hatred. He dreamed of a united world.Voice 2
Zamenhof began experimenting in creating an international language. In the beginning he tried to create a language with rich grammar. But this became very complex. Zamenhof learned many languages, German, French, Latin and Greek. He decided that the international language must be as simple as possible. He worked hard for many years. He began by ‘testing’ the language.Voice 1
So how do you test a new language? Well, Zamenhof tried translating existing books, stories, prayers and parts of the Bible. Let us hear how Esperanto sounds!Voice 3
Ĉio estiĝis per li; kaj aparte de li estiĝis nenio, kio estiĝis. En li estis la vivo, kaj la vivo estis la lumo de la homoj. Kaj la lumo brilas en la mallumo, kaj la mallumo ĝin ne venkis.Voice 1
Simply put, this means, ‘And with this Word, God created all things. Nothing was made without the word. Everything that was created received its life from him. And his life gave light to everyone. The light keeps shining in the dark. And darkness has never put it out.’Voice 2
After Zamenhof had tested the language he needed money to publish his book. He called it, ‘Lingvo internacia. Antaŭparolo kaj plena lernolibro.’ This means ‘International Language. Foreword and Complete Textbook.’ Zamenhof did not put his real name on the book. Instead he used the name ‘Doktoro Esperanto.’ This means ‘Doctor Hopeful.’Voice 1
So let us take a closer look at Esperanto. About seventy five percent [75%] of the words come from Latin and Romance languages like French. About twenty percent [20%] come from German and English. And the rest comes from Russian, Polish and Greek. Twenty-eight [28] letters form the Esperanto alphabet. And the language is ‘phonetic’ - you say every word exactly as it is written. There are no exceptions. Most of the grammar of Esperanto follows one of sixteen basic rules.Voice 2
In Esperanto all nouns end with ‘O’. For example the noun bird is ‘birdo.’ If you have more than one bird it becomes ‘biroj’.Voice 1
Here is another interesting thing. If you add ‘mal’ to the beginning of a word, it gives the word the opposite meaning. For example - alta means tall. Malalta means short. Seka means dry. Malseka is wet. Pura is clean. Can you guess what dirty is?Voice 2
Malpura?Voice 1
Yes, that is right!Voice 2
It does seem to be a simple language to learn. But who speaks it?Voice 1
No one knows exactly how many people speak Esperanto. Some people estimate around two million [2,000,000]. This is based on information such as sales of Esperanto language books and Internet users. Esperanto is most common in Central and Eastern Europe. Speakers of Esperanto have developed some similar customs. But, many people argue that an ’international language’ should not have its own culture. They say that an international language should avoid cultural and racial divides.Voice 2
Speakers of Esperanto say that the language makes communication easier when travelling. They say that Esperanto is a good second language - better than others like French and Spanish.Voice 1
Well, I think English is good as a second language.Voice 2
Yes, but you think that because you teach it!Voice 1
Maybe, but English is more popular than Esperanto!Voice 2
Yes, but there are many native English speakers. The idea of Esperanto is that it makes everyone equal - because it does not ‘belong’ to any particular group. It belongs to the international community! Zamenhof hoped that this would unite people - and help create a peaceful world.Voice 1
But people in the same country, with the same language and culture still argue and fight! Look at all the civil wars!Voice 2
True, Zamenhof was an idealist. But what is wrong with that? After all, the language is called ‘Esperanto’ - 'one who hopes.’ And a person who has hope can do more than a person without hope! Zamenhof did not see his dream in his lifetime. There is still misunderstanding between people. But Esperanto has united many people across the world. It has crossed at least some cultural and racial divides. One Esperanto speaker said,Voice 4
‘Being a speaker of Esperanto means that I am part of a worldwide community. They are people who believe in equality - like me. There are sayings like ‘we are all born equals.’ Esperanto lets people express these ideas'.Voice 2
The writer of today’s programme was Marina Santee. The voices you heard were from the United Kingdom and India. Computer users can hear our programmes, read our scripts and see our wordbook on our website at www.radio.english.net. This programme is called, ‘Esperanto.’Voice 1
If you have comments or questions about our programmes you can reach us by email. Our address is radio @ english . net. Thank you for joining us in today’s programme. Good-bye.
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